Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain hundreds of metalloproteins that are supported by intracellular systems coordinating the uptake and distribution of metal cofactors. Iron cofactors include heme, iron-sulfur clusters, and simple iron ions. Poly(rC)-binding proteins are multifunctional adaptors that serve as iron ion chaperones in the cytosolic/nuclear compartment, binding iron at import and delivering it to enzymes, for storage (ferritin) and export (ferroportin). Ferritin iron is mobilized by autophagy through the cargo receptor, nuclear co-activator 4. The monothiol glutaredoxin Glrx3 and BolA2 function as a [2Fe-2S] chaperone complex. These proteins form a core system of cytosolic iron cofactor chaperones in mammalian cells.
Keywords:
BolA2; glutaredoxin; iron; iron metabolism; iron–sulfur protein; metalloprotein; molecular chaperone; poly C-binding protein.
© 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoenzymes / chemistry
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Apoenzymes / metabolism
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Apoferritins / chemistry
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Apoferritins / metabolism
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Autophagy
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Carrier Proteins / chemistry
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Cation Transport Proteins / chemistry
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Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism
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Cytosol / metabolism*
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Dimerization
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Erythroid Precursor Cells / cytology
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Erythroid Precursor Cells / metabolism
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Ferritins / chemistry
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Ferritins / metabolism*
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins / chemistry
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins / metabolism
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Humans
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Iron / metabolism*
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Iron-Sulfur Proteins / chemistry
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Iron-Sulfur Proteins / metabolism*
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Models, Biological*
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Models, Molecular*
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Molecular Chaperones / chemistry
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Molecular Chaperones / metabolism*
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Nuclear Receptor Coactivators / chemistry
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Nuclear Receptor Coactivators / metabolism
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Protein Multimerization
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Protein Transport
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Proteins / chemistry
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Proteins / metabolism
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RNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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Apoenzymes
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BOLA2 protein, human
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Carrier Proteins
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Cation Transport Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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GLRX3 protein, human
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
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Iron-Sulfur Proteins
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Molecular Chaperones
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NCOA4 protein, human
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Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
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PCBP1 protein, human
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PCBP2 protein, human
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Proteins
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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metal transporting protein 1
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Ferritins
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Apoferritins
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Iron