Diabetes and hyperglycemia as risk factors for postoperative outcome in maxillofacial surgery

J Surg Res. 2017 Sep:217:170-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.021. Epub 2017 May 11.

Abstract

Background: Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of complications in maxillofacial surgery in-patients in correlation to diabetes mellitus or a pathologically altered glucose metabolism.

Materials and methods: All patients' electronic health records were analyzed retrospectively. Diabetes mellitus anamnesis, the treatment regime, blood glucose levels, and the duration of inpatient treatment were recorded. Glucose readings ≥200 mg/dL measured at any time and fasting glucose levels of ≥110 mg/dL were defined as hyperglycemic. Noted complications were infection, dehiscence, swelling, and necrosis.

Results: 8.7% out of 1374 patients had a known diabetes diagnosis. 13.0% had high fasting glucose and 11.4% aberrant maximum glucose readings. Complications did not occur more often in patients with a previously known diabetes but more often in patients with high maximum blood glucose levels. Of these patients, only 56.3% were known diabetics.

Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus does not necessarily lead to higher frequency of complications in surgical patients. Moreover, patients with well-controlled diabetes seem to have a similar outcome compared to nondiabetics. Hyperglycemia however has an important impact on treatment outcome.

Keywords: Complication; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Postoperative morbidity; Surgical outcome.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Diabetes Complications*
  • Female
  • Germany / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / complications*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / adverse effects*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult