Atazanavir-Associated Crystalline Nephropathy

Abstract

Crystalline nephropathy can occur following treatment with multiple therapeutic agents. We describe a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient treated for 2 years with combination antiretroviral therapy including atazanavir (ATV). Kidney biopsy revealed a crystalline nephropathy associated with diffuse chronic and granulomatous interstitial inflammation. Following the biopsy, treatment with ATV was discontinued and kidney function returned to pretreatment baseline levels. ATV, which has a well-established association with nephrolithiasis, is a rare but important cause of crystalline nephropathy. Recognition of this association and prompt withdrawal of the offending agent are critical to optimize outcomes.

Keywords: Atazanavir (ATV); HIV; acute renal failure; combined antiretroviral therapy (cART); crystalline nephropathy; granulomatous interstitial inflammation; kidney biopsy; kidney function.