Multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint: Etiology, classification, assessment, and management

Abstract

Multidirectional instability of the shoulder is a type of glenohumeral joint shoulder instability. There are discrepancies in the definition and classification of this condition, which can make diagnosis and treatment selection challenging. Knowledge of contributing factors, the typical clinical presentation, and current best evidence for treatment options can assist in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection for this pathology. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the current literature regarding the etiology, classification, assessment, and management of multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint.

Keywords: Classification; MDI; Multidirectional instability; Rehabilitation; Shoulder; Surgery.