Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a biologically aggressive disease, with liver and peritoneal metastases being a frequent cause of death. We examine how the pancreatic carcinoma microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape favor tumor progression. Immunotherapy has shown promise in select solid tumors, yet challenges remain in applying these gains to stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We discuss how regional therapy strategies may be leveraged to open new avenues for treating pancreatic carcinoma metastases with immunotherapy.
Keywords: immunotherapy; metastasis; pancreatic adenocarcinoma; regional therapy.
© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.