Replicate effects and test-retest reliability of quantitative sensory threshold testing in dogs with and without chronic pain

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate replicate effects and test-retest reliability of mechanical and thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) in normal dogs and dogs with osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain.

Study design: A prospective clinical study.

Animals: A total of 54 client owned dogs (OA, n=31; controls, n=23).

Methods: Mechanical [electronic von Frey (EVF) and blunt pressure] and thermal (hot and cold) sensory thresholds were obtained in dogs with OA-associated pain and control dogs at two visits, 7 days apart, to assess test-retest reliability. Thresholds were measured at the OA-affected joint (hip or stifle), over the tibial muscle and over the midpoint of the metatarsals. Five replicates were obtained for each modality at each site bilaterally.

Results: Overall, there was no significant effect of replicates on QST response. EVF thresholds were significantly lower at the second visit in OA dogs at the affected and metatarsal sites (p=0.0017 and p=0.0014, respectively). Similarly for control dogs, EVF thresholds were significantly lower at the second visit at the metatarsal site (p=0.001). Significantly higher hot thermal latencies were seen in OA dogs at the affected and tibial testing sites (p=0.014 and p=0.012, respectively), and in control dogs at the tibial site (p=0.004).

Conclusions: In QST, a replicate does not show a strong effect. However, QST results show variability over time, particularly for EVF and hot thermal stimuli.

Clinical relevance: If QST is to be used clinically to evaluate a sensitized state, the variability over time needs to be accounted for in the study design.

Keywords: central sensitization; chronic pain; dogs; quantitative sensory testing; replicate effect.