This paper draws on the author's extensive experience in the clinical research focused on the implementation of the new biotechnologies able to identify precancerous cervical lesions and is intended to be a systematic approach to new achievements. The goal of this review is to provide updated information concerning the significance of each biotechnology used in clinical medicine to screen women for cervical cancer or to allow a pertinent discrimination between spontaneous remission lesions and progressive lesions. The data is arranged according to the most widely used biotechnologies and the worldwide recommendations of specialized guidelines.