Distinct organ-specific and temporal expression profiles of auxin-related genes during mango fruitlet drop

Abstract

In mango, fruitlet abscission initiates with a decrease in polar auxin transport through the abscission zone (AZ), triggered by ethylene. To explore the molecular components affecting this process, we initially conducted experiments with developing fruitlet explants in which fruitlet drop was induced by ethephon, and monitored the expression patterns of distinct indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related genes, comparing control vs. ethephon-treated pericarp and AZ profiles. Over the examined time period (48 h), the accumulation of MiPIN1 and MiLAX2 IAA-efflux and influx genes decreased in both control and treated tissues. Nevertheless, ethephon-treated tissues displayed significantly lower levels of these transcripts within 18-24 h. An opposite pattern was observed for MiLAX3, which overall exhibited up-regulation in treated fruitlet tissues. Ethephon treatment also induced an early and pronounced down-regulation of five out of six IAA-responsive genes, and a substantial reduction in the accumulation of two IAA-synthesis related transcripts, contrasting with significant up-regulation of Gretchen Hagen3 transcript (MiGH3.1) encoding an IAA-amino synthetase. Furthermore, for both control and treated AZ, the decrease in IAA-carrier transcripts was associated with a decrease in IAA content and an increase in IAA-Asp:IAA ratio, suggesting that fruitlet drop is accompanied by formation of this non-hydrolyzed IAA-amino acid conjugate. Despite these similarities, ethephon-treated AZ displayed a sharper decrease in IAA content and higher IAA-Asp:IAA ratio within 18 h. Lastly, the response of IAA-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment was also examined. Our results are discussed, highlighting the roles that distinct IAA-related genes might assume during mango fruitlet drop.

Keywords: Abscission; Auxin-related genes; Auxin–amino acid conjugate; Fruitlet; Mango.