This study aimed to investigate the effect of oestrogen on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) secretion in bovine oviduct epithelial cells. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells were obtained from the lumen of fresh bovine oviducts. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in-cell western assays were used to measure PGE2 and PGF2α synthase activity and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the concentrations of the two prostaglandins in extracellular fluid. We observed that oestradiol caused a short-term increase in cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), which stimulated PGE2 and PGF2α secretion, and that a subsequent decrease in COX-2 and an increase in cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) produced a high PGE2:PGF2α ratio. These findings reflect the dynamic change in PGE2 and PGF2α levels under the influence of oestrogen, which may be essential for fertilisation.