Prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and the role of structural changes in myocardium in their development

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationships with the structural parameters of the heart.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with diabetes at the Endocrinology Centre and City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Results: The total study sample included 75 subjects. The average age (SD) was 48.2 (5.6) years, and the mean duration of diabetes (SD) was 6.2 (2.4) years. The most common type of extrasystoles were the single supraventricular extrasystoles, observed in 72.29% of cases (vs 38.89% in the control group) and paired supraventricular extrasystoles, which were identified in 30% of cases (vs 19.44% in the control group). Ventricular cardiac arrhythmias in the form of ventricular extrasystoles (VE) were identified in 25.71% of cases (13.89% in the control group).

Conclusions: This study revealed the signs of the morphological restructuring of the right chambers of the heart and a relatively high prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmias in the early stages of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, according to the results, the incidence of some types of supraventricular arrhythmias and the occurrence of tachycardia episodes in patients with type 2 diabetes mostly depends on the restructuring of the right chambers of the heart, which may be caused by the peculiarities of the cardiac innervation, with the higher density of choline and adrenergic plexuses in the right chambers.

Keywords: Arrhythmias; Cardiac innervation; Diabetes; Heart; Morphological restructuring; Right chambers.