Purpose: To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological therapies for hot flushes (HFs) in women with breast cancer (BC).
Methods: Nine databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wan Fang Database) were searched from their inceptions to October 2016. We also hand-searched reference lists of reviews and included articles, reviewed conference proceedings, and contacted experts. Finally, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were aggregated to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for HFs in women with BC.
Results: Sixteen trials were included in the meta-analysis. Significant combined effects of non-pharmacological therapies were observed in reducing frequency and severity of HFs after treatment (d = -0.57, P < 0.001). These effects were sustained, albeit reduced in part, during follow-up (d = -0.36, P < 0.001), with the exception of frequency (P = 0.41). Meta-analysis according to therapy types showed that for hypnosis, HFs scores instead of scores of HFs-related daily interference scale (HFRDIS) were significantly lowered at the post-treatment time point (d = -13.19, P < 0.001); for acupuncture, a small but significant effect on HFRDIS was found at the post-treatment time point (d = -3.34, P < 0.001). The effect was sustained during follow-up; however, no effect was evident for HFs frequency; for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), at the post-treatment time point, but not during follow-up, a small but significant effect was documented for HFs score (d = -0.88, P < 0.01). No serious adverse effect was reported in the included studies.
Conclusions: Various types of non-pharmacological therapies were associated with significant effects on HFs in women with BC.
Keywords: Breast cancer; Hot flushes; Meta-analysis; Non-pharmacological therapies.