Mutations in the maize zeta-carotene desaturase gene lead to viviparous kernel

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 24;12(3):e0174270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174270. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Preharvest sprouting reduces the maize quality and causes a significant yield loss in maize production. vp-wl2 is a Mutator (Mu)-induced viviparous mutant in maize, causing white or pale yellow kernels, dramatically reduced carotenoid and ABA content, and a high level of zeta-carotene accumulation. Here, we reported the cloning of the vp-wl2 gene using a modified digestion-ligation-amplification method (DLA). The results showed that an insertion of Mu9 in the first intron of the zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) gene results in the vp-wl2 mutation. Previous studies have suggested that ZDS is likely the structural gene of the viviparous9 (vp9) locus. Therefore, we performed an allelic test using vp-wl2 and three vp9 mutants. The results showed that vp-wl2 is a novel allele of the vp9 locus. In addition, the sequences of ZDS gene were identified in these three vp9 alleles. The vp-wl2 mutant gene was subsequently introgressed into four maize inbred lines, and a viviparous phenotype was observed with yield losses from 7.69% to 13.33%.

MeSH terms

  • Alleles
  • Genes, Plant*
  • Mutation*
  • Oxidoreductases / genetics*
  • Plant Proteins / genetics*
  • Zea mays / genetics
  • Zea mays / physiology*

Substances

  • Plant Proteins
  • Oxidoreductases
  • zeta-carotene desaturase

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138200), National Natural Science Foundation of China - 31330056, and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, preparation of the manuscript.