Neurotropin® alleviates hippocampal neuron damage through a HIF-1α/MAPK pathway

CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017 May;23(5):428-437. doi: 10.1111/cns.12689. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Abstract

Aims: The main purpose was to verify the potent capacity of Neurotropin® against neuronal damage in hippocampus and to explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: HT22 cells were treated with 40 μmol/L Aβ25-35 in the presence of various concentrations of Neurotropin® or in its absence. The cell viability was assessed with a CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Aβ plaques were examined by Bielschowsky silver staining, and the activities of antioxidants were detected in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after Neurotropin® treatment. The expression of proteins, including HIF-1α, Bcl-2, Bax, and MAPKs signaling molecules was evaluated by Western blot.

Results: Neurotropin® significantly reversed the cell injury induced by Aβ25-35 through increasing cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing intracellular ROS and cell apoptosis of HT22 cells (P<.05). Furthermore, Neurotropin® markedly reduced the formation of Aβ plaques and upregulated the activities of antioxidants (P<.05). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF-1α, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and p-P38 was significantly inhibited in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusions: Neurotropin® exhibited a potent neuroprotective effect on inhibiting Aβ-induced oxidative damage and alleviating Aβ deposition in hippocampus via modulation of HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; HIF-1α/MAPK signaling; neuroprotective effect; neurotropin®.

MeSH terms

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / genetics
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / toxicity
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / physiology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
  • Hippocampus / drug effects*
  • Hippocampus / metabolism
  • Hippocampus / pathology
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / physiology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Neurons / drug effects*
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurons / pathology
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology*
  • Peptide Fragments / genetics
  • Peptide Fragments / toxicity
  • Plaque, Amyloid / drug therapy
  • Plaque, Amyloid / metabolism
  • Plaque, Amyloid / pathology
  • Polysaccharides / pharmacology*
  • Random Allocation
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism

Substances

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Hif1a protein, mouse
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Polysaccharides
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • amyloid beta-protein (25-35)
  • neurotropin