Increased risk of metabolic disorders in healthy young adults with family history of diabetes: from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey

Joon Ho Moon; Eun Roh; Tae Jung Oh; Kyoung Min Kim; Jae Hoon Moon; Soo Lim; Hak Chul Jang; Sung Hee Choi

doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0210-8

Increased risk of metabolic disorders in healthy young adults with family history of diabetes: from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017 Mar 1:9:16. doi: 10.1186/s13098-017-0210-8. eCollection 2017.

Authors

Joon Ho Moon^#^{1

2

3}, Eun Roh^#⁴, Tae Jung Oh^{1

5}, Kyoung Min Kim^{1

5}, Jae Hoon Moon^{1

5}, Soo Lim^{1

5}, Hak Chul Jang^{1

5}, Sung Hee Choi^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
³ Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
⁴ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-707 South Korea.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: We assessed the impact of a family history of diabetes on type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and behavioral traits in young Korean adults.

Methods: Subjects aged 25-44 years were included, and the presence of a family history of diabetes was obtained by a self-reported questionnaire (the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010). We compared the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and other metabolic parameters, including blood pressure and lipid profile.

Results: Of 2059 participants, those with a family history of diabetes involving first-degree relatives (n = 489, 23.7%) had a significantly higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (14.3 vs. 11.7%) and type 2 diabetes (6.7 vs. 1.8%), compared to those without a family history (P < 0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (21.3 vs. 12.1%, P < 0.001) and its components (except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were greater in subjects with a family history of diabetes. Among subjects exhibiting normal glucose tolerance (n = 1704), those with a family history of diabetes had higher fasting glucose (89.0 vs. 87.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and triglyceride (100.5 vs. 89.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and lower beta cell function by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-β; 134.2 vs. 137.5, P = 0.020). The obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference, and triglyceride) were significantly correlated with those of both parents (P < 0.01 for all variables). Risk-reducing behavior, including regular exercise (18.2 vs. 19.7%, P = 0.469) and calorie intake (2174.8 vs. 2149.1 kcal/day, P = 0.636), did not markedly differ according to a family history of diabetes.

Conclusions: Young adults with a family history of diabetes had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, even though they currently exhibited a normal glycemic profile. Proactive lifestyle consultation is requested especially among healthy young population with a family history of diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Family history; Metabolic syndrome.