Quantum limit of photon-counting imaging based on compressed sensing

Opt Express. 2017 Feb 20;25(4):3286-3296. doi: 10.1364/OE.25.003286.

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate that the sensitivity of photon-counting imaging can be improved by 2 orders of magnitude with the compressed sensing (CS) theory. The maximum sensitivity of CS imaging under the quantum limit, which is approximately 1 photon in each pixel during one measurement, is quantitatively obtained through theoretical derivation and proved experimentally. The influences of dark noise and shot noise on photon-counting imaging are also studied to confirm the fundamental constrains on the imaging sensitivity of different imaging methods, which can guide the effort for further enhancing the ultra-weak light imaging ability.