Facile and efficient access to Androsten-17-(1',3',4')-pyrazoles and Androst-17β-(1',3',4')-pyrazoles via Vilsmeier reagents, and their antiproliferative activity evaluation in vitro

Abstract

In this work, twenty-seven novel steroidal pyrazole derivatives were designed and effectively synthesized with two different commercially available staring material, Isopregnanolone 1 and 5,16-Pregnadienolone 7, via the key intermediates, 17β-(4'-formyl)pyrazolylandrost-3β-yl formate and 17-(4'-formyl)pyrazolylandrost- 5,16-dienes-3β-yl formate, which were obtained from the cyclization of steroidal phenylhydrazone with Vilsmeier reagent catalyzed by phosphorous oxychloride followed by hydrolysis, then Borch reduction to afford the target derivatives under mild conditions. Structures of these compounds were identified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry. Based on our previous work, the cytotoxicity of these derivatives were evaluated by the SRB method against 293T cell lines and three cancer cell lines: A549, Hela and MCF-7. The results indicated that compounds 5b-d, and 11a-e exhibited moderate to high cytotoxic activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.62 to 7.51 μM. Among the eight hybrids, compound 11b, with an ethyl amino and a dien-pregn moieties showed the highest potency, with an IC₅₀ values of 0.87 μM and 0.53 μM for 293T cell lines and Hela cell lines, respectively. Some structure-activity relationships among the groups of the twenty-seven derivatives are discussed and identify several determinants important for the activity of these compounds. What's more, further molecular mechanism studies suggested that 11b one of the most potent derivatives caused Hela cell lines apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at S phase in a concentration dependent manner.

Keywords: 5,16-Pregnadienolone; Antiproliferative activity; Apoptosis; Isopregnanolone; Steroidal phenylpyrazoles; Vilsmeier reaction.