During 2009-2014, incarceration rates in Brazil rose 34%, and tuberculosis (TB) cases among prisoners rose 28.8%. The proportion of national TB cases that occurred among prisoners increased from 6.2% to 8.4% overall and from 19.3% to 25.6% among men 20-29 years of age.
Keywords: Brazil; Mycobacterium; TB; bacteria; prisoners; prisons; tuberculosis; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.