Prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supply is important to ensure an adequate infant neurodevelopment. Several fat supplements with DHA under different chemical structures are available. There is an increased placental phospholipase activity at the end of pregnancy. The hypothesis of this study was to discern whether DHA consumption during pregnancy as phospholipids (PLs) could be more available for placental DHA uptake and fetal accretion than triglycerides (TGs) form. We aimed to evaluate maternofetal DHA status in pregnant rats fed with DHA as PL from egg yolk or TG from algae oil to determine which source might be most effective during pregnancy. Three experimental diets were tested: 2.5% DHA-TG (n = 10), 2.5% DHA-PL (n = 9), and 9% DHA-PL (n = 9). The total PL content of these diets was 2%, 12%, and 38%, respectively. We determined dietary fat absorption and quantified fatty acids by gas chromatography in maternal and fetal tissues. Dietary PL enhanced significantly dietary fat absorption. However, animals fed the highest PL-content diet (38% PL and 9% DHA-PL) stored most of the absorbed fat in maternal liver, promoting hepatic steatosis, which was not observed in the lower PL-content diets (12% and 2%). Despite higher fat absorption of PL-containing diets, maternal and fetal tissues (including fetal brain) did not show major differences in DHA content between the 2.5% DHA-PL and 2.5% DHA-TG-fed groups. We conclude that the chemical form of DHA consumed by the rat during gestation (PL or TG) does not differentially affect DHA accretion into fetal brain, and both lipid sources can be equally used for maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy.
Keywords: Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Supplementation.
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