Background: Molecular targeted therapy has gradually become an important treatment for lung cancer, the aim of this research is to analyze the clinicopathologic features associated with the gene mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and determine the most likely populations to benefit from molecular target therapy treatment.
Methods: The mutation status of EGFR, EML4-ALK fusion gene, ROS1 and KARS gene were determined by Real-time PCR, the relationship between clinical pathologic features and concomitant gene were analyzed with χ2 test by SPSS software 19.0.
Results: A total of 514 specimens from Shandong tumor hospital were collected from NSCLC patients between January 2014 and May 2016. The total mutation rate of EGFR gene was 36.70%, major occurred in exon 19 (36.61%) and exon 21 (51.36%), respectively, and EGFR mutations usually occurred in female, non-smoking and adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.05). The total rearrangements rate of EML4-ALK fusion gene was 9.37%, EML4-ALK fusion gene usually occurred in younger age (≤60 yr) and non-smoking patients (P<0.05). Mutations were not related to gender and pathological type (P>0.05). ROS1 fusion gene was detected in 136 cases, the positive rate was 3.67%, all patients were 60 years old, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Only 23 samples were tested KARS gene mutations, two of them were positive and the positive rate was 8.70%. They all occurred in non-smoker and adenocarcinoma patients. No mutation was detected to coexist in EGFR, EML4-ALK and KARS gene mutation.
Conclusions: EGFR, EML4-ALK, ROS1 and KRAS defines different molecular subset of NSCLC with distinct characteristic, which provides a new option for the clinical treatment of patients with NSCLC.
背景与目的 分子生物学靶向治疗已逐渐成为非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的一个重要治疗手段，本研究通过分析山东地区NSCLC多种驱动基因表达情况及临床病理特征，为筛选分子靶向治疗目标人群提供理论依据。方法 采用荧光探针PCR法检测表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）、棘皮动物微管相关蛋白4-间变性淋巴瘤激酶（echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase, EML4-ALK）、肉瘤致癌因子-受体酪氨酸激酶（ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase, ROS1）、鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因（Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncgene, KRAS）基因表达情况，回顾性分析阳性病例的临床病理特征。结果 EGFR基因突变阳性率为36.70%，主要为19、21外显子突变，突变人群主要为女性、腺癌、不吸烟患者，组间差异有统计学意义。EML4-ALK融合基因重排阳性率为9.37%。人群特征主要为60岁以下不吸烟人群，组间差异有统计学意义，基因突变与病理类型和性别间无明显差异。ROS1融合基因重排阳性率为3.67%，均为60岁以下患者，组间差异有统计学意义。23份病例标本开展KRAS基因检测，阳性标本数2例，阳性率为8.70%。2份阳性标本均为60岁以上病例，男女各占1例，病理类型均为腺癌，均无吸烟史。此外，未发现有两种基因同时突变的病例。结论 EGFR、EML4-ALK、ROS1、KARS基因在NSCLC患者中存在较高的突变率，且具有不同的人群特征，在选择靶向治疗人群中具有重要意义。.