Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea

Pengjie Cai; Shan He; Chengxu Zhou; Allen R Place; Saddef Haq; Lijian Ding; Haimin Chen; Ying Jiang; Cheng Guo; Yaru Xu; Jinrong Zhang; Xiaojun Yan

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.001

Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea

Harmful Algae. 2016 Sep:58:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Aug 27.

Authors

Pengjie Cai¹, Shan He², Chengxu Zhou³, Allen R Place⁴, Saddef Haq⁵, Lijian Ding⁶, Haimin Chen⁷, Ying Jiang³, Cheng Guo⁸, Yaru Xu⁶, Jinrong Zhang⁶, Xiaojun Yan⁹

Affiliations

¹ LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
² LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China. Electronic address: heshan@nbu.edu.cn.
³ Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China.
⁴ University of Maryland Center for Environmental Research, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt, St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
⁵ University of Maryland, Baltimore, Graduate School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
⁶ LiDakSum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
⁷ Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
⁸ Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
⁹ Center for Collaborative Innovation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China. Electronic address: yanxiaojun@nbu.edu.cn.

Abstract

The dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a harmful algal bloom species with a worldwide distribution. This small athecate dinoflagellate makes a family of polyketide toxins that are hemolytic, cytotoxic and ichthyotoxic. The first chemical structure for karlotoxins from East China Sea (ECS) is reported here. The two new karlotoxins, namely 4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2 (compound 1) and 4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2 (compound 2), were isolated and purified from monoalgal cultures of K. veneficum strain GM2. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including tandem mass spectrometry as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. These new karlotoxin congeners feature a saturated polyol arm different from previously reported for KmTx 2 that appears to increase hemolytic activity.

Keywords: Dinoflagellate; East China Sea; Hemolysis; Karlodinium veneficum; Karlotoxin.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

China
Dinoflagellida / chemistry*
Harmful Algal Bloom
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Marine Toxins / chemistry*
Marine Toxins / isolation & purification*
Molecular Structure
Oceans and Seas
Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Substances

Marine Toxins

Grants and funding

R01 ES021949/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States