Esmolol in septic shock: old pathophysiological concepts, an old drug, perhaps a new hemodynamic strategy in the right patient

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto Primo, Rome, Italy.
• ² Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy.
• ³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.