Purpose: Since atherosclerosis contributes to the pathophysiology of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), we aimed to assess the effects of aspirin and statins on the visual outcomes of RVO in high-risk patients, whom we define to have hypertension and open-angle glaucoma prior to RVO.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adults diagnosed with RVO between 2006 and 2014. To evaluate for a preventive effect of these medications, we compared the prevalence of aspirin or statin use (either separately or concomitantly) among high-risk patients who developed RVO and among those who did not during at least 2 years of follow-up. To evaluate for a therapeutic effect, we then compared the final follow-up visual acuity (VA) of high-risk RVO patients who had and who had not been taking a statin prior to the RVO.
Results: We analyzed 43 eyes [23 central RVOs (CRVOs), 16 branch RVOs (BRVOs), and 4 hemi-RVOs (HRVOs)] from 42 high-risk patients, along with 129 high-risk controls. There was no significant difference (p = 0.47) in aspirin exposure between the control (60%) and RVO (67%) groups, and the increased statin exposure among controls (72% vs. 53% for the cases; p = 0.03) paralleled their higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia. The non-statin and statin RVO groups each had a mean VA of 20/800 at a mean 30 and 43 months of follow-up, respectively.
Conclusions: No preventive benefit of aspirin or statins, and no therapeutic benefit of statins, was found for RVO in high-risk patients. High-risk RVO patients suffer substantially worse outcomes than those reported in other studies not limited to such patients.
Keywords: Branch retinal vein occlusion; Central retinal vein occlusion; Open-angle glaucoma; Pharmacotherapy; Visual outcomes.