A Dual-Mode Magnetic-Acoustic System for Monitoring Fluid Intake Behavior in Animals

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2017 Sep;64(9):2090-2097. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2016.2638545. Epub 2016 Dec 12.

Abstract

We have developed an unobtrusive magnetic-acoustic fluid intake monitoring (MAFIM) system using a conventional stainless-steel roller-ball nipple to measure licking and drinking behavior in animals. Movements of a small permanent magnetic tracer attached to stainless-steel roller balls that operate as a tongue-actuated valve are sensed by a pair of three-axial magnetometers, and transformed into a time-series indicating the status of the ball (up or down), using a Gaussian mixture model based data-driven classifier. The sounds produced by the rise and fall of the roller balls are also recorded and classified to substantiate the magnetic data by an independent modality for a more robust solution. The operation of the magnetic and acoustic sensors is controlled by an embedded system, communicating via Universal Serial Bus (USB) with a custom-designed user interface, running on a PC. The MAFIM system has been tested in vivo with minipigs, accurately measuring various drinking parameters and licking patterns without constraints imposed by current lick monitoring systems, such as nipple access, animal-nipple contact, animal training, and complex parameter settings.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics / instrumentation
  • Animals
  • Drinking / physiology*
  • Drinking Behavior / physiology*
  • Equipment Design
  • Equipment Failure Analysis
  • Feeding Behavior / physiology*
  • Magnetometry / instrumentation*
  • Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / instrumentation*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sound Spectrography / instrumentation*
  • Swine
  • Swine, Miniature