Remediation of groundwater contaminated with the lead-phenol binary system by granular dead anaerobic sludge-permeable reactive barrier

Environ Technol. 2017 Oct;38(20):2534-2542. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1270355. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Abstract

Computer solutions (COMSOL) Multiphysics 3.5a software was used for simulating the one-dimensional equilibrium transport of the lead-phenol binary system including the sorption process through saturated sandy soil as the aquifer and granular dead anaerobic sludge (GDAS) as the permeable reactive barrier. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved that the carboxylic and alcohol groups are responsible for the bio-sorption of lead onto GDAS, while phosphines, aromatic and alkane are the functional groups responsible for the bio-sorption of phenol. Batch tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium sorption properties of the GDAS and sandy soil in lead and/or phenol containing aqueous solutions. Numerical and experimental results proved that the barrier plays a potential role in the restriction of the contaminant plume migration and there is a linear relationship between longevity and thickness of the barrier. A good agreement between these results was recognized with root mean squared error not exceeding 0.04.

Keywords: Granular dead anaerobic sludge; lead; permeable reactive barrier; phenol; transport.

MeSH terms

  • Environmental Pollution / prevention & control*
  • Groundwater / chemistry*
  • Lead / chemistry*
  • Phenol / chemistry*
  • Sewage
  • Soil

Substances

  • Sewage
  • Soil
  • Lead
  • Phenol