Neurosarcoidosis: unusual presentations and considerations for diagnosis and management

Postgrad Med J. 2017 Jul;93(1101):401-405. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134475. Epub 2016 Dec 5.

Abstract

Background: Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disease characterised by non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation of unknown aetiology. Most commonly, the lungs, lymph nodes, skin and eyes are affected in sarcoidosis; however, nervous system involvement occurs in approximately 5%-15% of cases. Any part of the nervous system can be affected by sarcoidosis.

Cases: Herein we describe three unusual patient presentations of neurosarcoidosis, one with optic neuritis, a second with hydrocephalus and a third with cervical myelopathy.

Conclusions: We include pertinent details about their presentations, imaging findings, pathology, management and clinical course.

Keywords: hydrocephalus; neurosarcoidosis; optic neuritis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / therapy
  • Cervical Vertebrae
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocephalus / diagnosis*
  • Hydrocephalus / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Optic Neuritis / diagnosis*
  • Optic Neuritis / therapy
  • Sarcoidosis / diagnosis*
  • Sarcoidosis / therapy
  • Spinal Cord Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Spinal Cord Diseases / therapy

Supplementary concepts

  • Neurosarcoidosis