The short and long-term hemodynamic effects of iv dopexamine hydrochloride (DPX) were studied in ten patients with septic shock. In the short-term study, a dose-dependent increase in cardiac index and heart rate, and a dose-dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance were demonstrated. These effects diminished gradually during the long-term study, suggesting a problem of tolerance. Although the administration of DPX during septic shock appeared to be relatively safe, its hemodynamic effects suggest that it may be more indicated in selected patients with a low cardiac output.