Tuning of shell thickness of solid lipid particles impacts the chemical stability of encapsulated ω-3 fish oil

Abstract

Hypothesis: This study demonstrates that tuning the shell thickness of lipid particles can modulate their oxidative stability. We hypothesized that a thick crystallized shell around the incorporated fish oil would improve the oxidative stability due to the reduced diffusion of prooxidants and oxygen.

Experiments: We prepared solid lipid nanoparticles (5%w/w lipid phase, 1.5%w/w surfactant, pH 7) by using different ratios of tristearin as carrier lipid and ω-3 fish oil as incorporated liquid lipid stabilized by high- or low-melting lecithin. The physical, polymorphic and oxidative stability of the lipid particles was assessed.

Findings: The high-melting lecithin was the key in inducing the formation of a solidified tristearin shell around the lipid particles by interfacial heterogeneous nucleation. Lipid particles containing a higher ratio of tristearin showed a better oxidative stability. The results revealed that a crystallized tristearin layer above 10nm was required to inhibit oxidation of the incorporated fish oil. This cut-off was shown for lipid particles containing 50-60% fish oil. This research gives important insights into understanding the relation between the thickness of the crystallized shell around the lipid particles and their chemical stability.

Keywords: Crystallization; Fish oil; Lecithin; Lipid oxidation; Nanoemulsions; Polymorphic transition; Shell thickness; Solid lipid nanoparticles; Tristearin; ω-3 fatty acids.