The paper reviews the neuropsychotropic effects of Rhodiola rosea, a succulent perennial plant which is native to dry, high-altitude regions of the northern hemisphere. The most valued part of the plant is its rhizome, which has a rose-like fragrance. In the available literature, there is a large number of mentions of its healing properties; nonetheless, only few of them are based on reliable scientific evidence. Of the neuropsychotropic effects, there are mentions of anxiolytic, antidepressant, neuroprotective and pro- cognitive properties and nonspecific "adaptogenic" effects. These effects are well established according to the preclinical studies; nonetheless many of clinical studies have serious drawbacks in design or interpretation of results. Extracts of R. rosea are well tolerated in general and thus regarded as safe. On the other hand, some pharmacokinetic interactions at the level of cytochrome P450 enzymes cannot be omitted. The extracts of R. rosea, are considered, according to the regulation of the Ministry of Health, as food supplements. According to the long standing use of R. rosea, it may be used for traditional treatment of symptoms of fatigue or mental weakness, but it seems that there is not enough evidence for general recommendation of use of R. rosea extracts in clinical practice.Key words: Rhodiola rosea neuropsychotropic effects phytomedicine.