Evaluation of the Presence and Levels of Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfaquinoxaline and Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chickens after Drug Administration

PLoS One. 2016 Nov 15;11(11):e0166402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166402. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

The depletion times of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin as well as sulfaquinoxaline and oxytetracycline were evaluated in broiler chickens that had been subjected to pharmacological treatment. The presence and residue levels of these drugs in muscle tissue were evaluated using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method that was validated in this work. The results showed the presence of all antimicrobial residues; however, the presence of residues at concentrations higher than the drugs' maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg kg-1 was found only during the treatment period for oxytetracycline and until two days after discontinuation of the medication for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfaquinoxaline. It was concluded that the residues of all antimicrobials were rapidly metabolized from the broiler muscles; after four days of withdrawal, the levels were lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method for the studied analytes.

MeSH terms

  • Animal Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Animal Diseases / microbiology
  • Animals
  • Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-Infective Agents / isolation & purification
  • Chickens / microbiology*
  • Ciprofloxacin / administration & dosage
  • Ciprofloxacin / isolation & purification
  • Drug Residues / chemistry
  • Drug Residues / isolation & purification
  • Enrofloxacin
  • Fluoroquinolones / administration & dosage
  • Fluoroquinolones / isolation & purification
  • Inactivation, Metabolic*
  • Muscles / chemistry
  • Muscles / drug effects
  • Oxytetracycline / administration & dosage
  • Oxytetracycline / isolation & purification
  • Sulfaquinoxaline / administration & dosage
  • Sulfaquinoxaline / isolation & purification

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Enrofloxacin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Sulfaquinoxaline
  • Oxytetracycline

Grants and funding

Funding was provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Colegiado de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal and the Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.