Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 Levels in Children on Hemodialysis: Association with MMP-9 C-1562T Gene Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels

Ashraf Galal; Fatina I Fadel; Enas Mokhtar; Manal F Elshamaa; Eman A Elghoroury; Solaf Kamel; Gamila S M Elsaeed; Eman H Thabet

Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 Levels in Children on Hemodialysis: Association with MMP-9 C^-1562T Gene Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels

Int J Biomed Sci. 2016 Sep;12(3):95-104.

Authors

Ashraf Galal¹, Fatina I Fadel², Enas Mokhtar¹, Manal F Elshamaa¹, Eman A Elghoroury³, Solaf Kamel³, Gamila S M Elsaeed⁴, Eman H Thabet³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
² Department of Pediatric, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

PMID: 27829825
PMCID: PMC5080414

Abstract

Background and objectives: Data concerning the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its functional polymorphisms in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-9in children with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to explore its association with MMP-9 polymorphism and vitamin D levels as an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods: We studied 55 children with ESRD on hemodialysis and 18 healthy children served as controls. MMP-9 and vitamin D levels were measured by ELISA in serum of all patients and controls. Genotypes for MMP-9 polymorphism(C^-1562T) were determined by RFLP for only 28 of the patients and all the controls.

Results: There were insignificantly reduced MMP-9levels of patients vs. controls, however, there was significant increase in MMP-9 levels associated with CC genotypes for(C^-1562T) polymorphism compared with CT genotype (p=0.01). We found that at MMP-9 base position-1562, the frequencies of the genotypes CC and CT in Children on HD were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively while all our controls were of the CC genotype. The alleles frequencies of C and T in patients were 85.7% and 14.29% as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively in the controls. Significant decrease in vitamin D was observed in children on HD versus that in controls (p=0.008). Serum MMP9 levels and age were variables that were independently associated with CVD.

Conclusions: MMP9 genetic polymorphism (C^-1562T) affects MMP9alterations in ESRD children on HD and vitamin D deficiency is common in our HD pediatric patients who require attention in accordance with current practice guidelines. They probably require supplementation with higher doses of cholecalciferol.

Keywords: Children; ESRD; Hemodialysis; MMP9; MMP9gene polymorphism; Vitamin D.