Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Dec;18(12):127. doi: 10.1007/s11886-016-0807-9.

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is a well-known health problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and it is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). These findings support the need for optimizing the antihypertensive strategies to prevent the progression to HF. Interestingly, the progression from HTN to HF, among other things, may be a consequence of inappropriate over-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the natriuretic peptide system (NPS). In the present review, we will discuss the pathophysiological aspects of the progression from HTN to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and we will focus on the evolution of different pharmacological therapies which are reported to be effective in reducing BP and improving HF outcomes, paying particular attention to the recent trials that have demonstrated the efficacy of the combined therapy of RAAS blockade and Neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor in lowering BP and mediating several beneficial actions within cardiovascular tissues, such as avoiding the worsening of HF.

Keywords: Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; Heart failure; Hypertension; Natriuretic peptide system; Neprylisin; Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use*
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Cardiovascular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Disease Progression
  • Heart Failure / complications*
  • Heart Failure / drug therapy
  • Heart Failure / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications*
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Hypertension / physiopathology*
  • Neprilysin / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Renin / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Renin-Angiotensin System / drug effects

Substances

  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Cardiovascular Agents
  • Renin
  • Neprilysin