Effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid scaffolds

Anuj Kumar; Yujin Lee; Doyeon Kim; Kummara Madhusudana Rao; Jisoo Kim; Soyoung Park; Adnan Haider; Do Hyun Lee; Sung Soo Han

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.085

Effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid scaffolds

Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Feb:95:962-973. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.085. Epub 2016 Oct 25.

Authors

Anuj Kumar¹, Yujin Lee², Doyeon Kim², Kummara Madhusudana Rao³, Jisoo Kim², Soyoung Park², Adnan Haider², Do Hyun Lee⁴, Sung Soo Han⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea; Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
² Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
³ School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
⁴ Korea Dyeing and Finishing Technology Institute (DYETEC) 92, Dalseocheon-ro, Seo-gu, Daegu 703-834, South Korea.
⁵ School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea; Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea. Electronic address: sshan3892@gmail.com.

PMID: 27793679
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.085

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by using freeze casting and freeze drying method. In this study, the effect of crosslinking agents such as calcium chloride, orthophosphoric acid, and borax on morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and cytocompatibility (cell adhesion and proliferation) properties was investigated. The results showed that the change in type of crosslinking agent significantly changed the properties of the hybrid scaffolds. Based on this study, borax-crosslinked hybrid scaffold showed good fibrous porous structure with high porosity (95.2%), highest water uptake capacity, good thermal stability, mechanical stability (storage modulus), and in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation with fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells. This primarily research study explores the way for further use of this crosslinking agent to design and fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals; Crosslinking; Freeze drying; Poly (vinyl alcohol); Sodium alginate; Tissue engineering.

MeSH terms

Alginates / chemistry*
Animals
Biocompatible Materials / chemistry*
Biocompatible Materials / pharmacology
Cell Adhesion / drug effects
Cell Proliferation / drug effects
Cellulose / chemistry*
Fibroblasts / cytology
Fibroblasts / drug effects
Glucuronic Acid / chemistry
Hexuronic Acids / chemistry
Mechanical Phenomena*
Mice
NIH 3T3 Cells
Nanoparticles / chemistry*
Polyvinyl Alcohol / chemistry*
Porosity
Temperature
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry*
Water / chemistry

Substances

Alginates
Biocompatible Materials
Hexuronic Acids
Water
Glucuronic Acid
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Cellulose