Denonvilliers fascia is a dense structure between the rectum and the genitourinary system, and plays as a barrier. In recent years, along with in-depth study of TME, scholars have taken many discussions on Denonvilliers fascia structure and the dissection plane. On the one hand, some consensus have been made on Denonvilliers fascia structure, but still needs to further clarify its microstructure. On the other hand, scholars have generally recognized the neurovascular bundles are on Denonvilliers fascia sides. They should be protected during rectal surgery, however, the details should be clarified. Based on "Fascial Surgery" theory, this article describes Denonvilliers fascia structure and clinical application combined with previous research and our research results.