Primary chest wall tumors (PCWTs) are relatively rare entities, and their clinical characteristics as well as appropriate treatments are not fully known. Previously reported studies, including ours, are reviewed here, taking into account the clinical approach and findings in Japan for the diagnosis, distribution of histological types, surgical procedures, and prognosis of these entities. Surgery for PCWTs comprised that approximately 0.7 % of surgeries in 2012 in Japan and 28.3 % of PCWTs were malignant with an extremely low rate of mortality within 30 days from surgery. Surgical biopsy is recommended for the differential diagnosis of chest wall tumors to determine if they are primary, metastatic, benign, or malignant lesions. Of the 297 PCWT cases reported in nine published studies, neurogenic tumors were the most common benign PCWT, and chondrosarcoma was the most common malignant PCWT. Reconstruction of the resected chest wall was performed for 41.3 % of cases, and the materials used were e-PTFE or polypropylene. The prognosis of patients with benign tumors is usually good if complete resection is achieved; however, the 5-year recurrence rate and disease-related mortality were approximately 22.5 and 18.1 %, respectively, for patients with malignant tumors. Surgery for PCWTs is safe; however, surgical treatment for patients with malignant PCWTs remains challenging, and multimodal treatments for each histological tumor type should be considered.
Keywords: Chest wall reconstruction; Primary chest wall tumor; Surgical treatment.