Barrett's esophagus is an endoscopically visible metaplasia of the columnar epithelium in the esophagus with histological detection of a specialized intestinal metaplasia. The circumferential and longitudinal extent are described endoscopically using the Prague classification. Barrett's esophagus mostly occurs as the result of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma is increased but the absolute risk is low with 0.10-0.15 % per year. According to guideline recommendations, screening for Barrett's esophagus as well as endoscopic and biopsy surveillance should be limited to high risk groups. On detection of intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) endoscopic therapy is indicated, whereby a second opinion must be obtained from a specialized pathologist for low-grade IEN. The influence of proton pump inhibitors on the progression to carcinoma is controversially discussed and a preventive anti-reflux operation is not indicated.
Keywords: Carcinoma, Barrett; Gastroesophageal reflux; Intraepithelial neoplasms, low-grade; Proton pump inhibitors; Therapy, endoscopic.