Study design: Systematic literature review.
Objective: To investigate if evidence-based principles of oncologic resection for primary spinal tumors are correlated with an acceptable morbidity and mortality profile and satisfactory health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures.
Summary of background data: Respecting oncologic principles for primary spinal tumor surgery is correlated with lower recurrence rates. These interventions are, however, often highly morbid.
Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to address the objectives by searching MEDLINE and EBMR databases. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were reviewed. GRADE guidelines were used for recommendation formulation.
Results: A total of 25 articles addressing the morbidity and mortality profile of primary spinal tumor surgery were identified. For sacral tumors, complication rates of up to 100% have been reported and complication-related death ranged from 0% to 27%. Mobile spine tumor complication rates varied from 13% to 73.7% and complication-related death ranged from 0% to 7.7%. Seven articles examining HRQOL for this patient population were identified. The limited literature showed comparable patient HRQOL profiles to those with benign conditions such as degenerative disc disease.
Conclusion: Respecting oncologic principles for primary spinal tumors are correlated with high adverse event rates. We recommend that primary spinal tumor surgeries be performed in experienced centers with multidisciplinary support teams and that prospective adverse event collection be promoted (strong recommendation/very low certainty of the evidence). Oncologic resection of primary tumors of the spine is associated with HRQOL that more closely approximates normative values with increasing duration of follow-up, but decreases with disease recurrence. We recommend primary spinal tumor surgery be performed with a curative intent whenever possible, even at the expense of greater initial morbidity to optimize long-term HRQOL (strong recommendation/very low certainty of the evidence).
Level of evidence: N/A.