Phosphoinositide-3-kinases as the Novel Therapeutic Targets for the Inflammatory Diseases: Current and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Objective: To review the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, and the current and future prospects of targeting PI3Ks for various diseases, like malignant, autoimmune, inflammatory, cardiovascular, neurological disorders etc., laying special emphasis on the inflammatory diseases and associated cellular responses.

Background: Recent findings have publicized phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) as novel therapeutic targets, which are also purported to be involved in the complex pathophysiology of inflammatory and various other diseases. They are recognized to participate in the inflammatory cellular responses by modulating the growth, development and proliferation of various immune cells and hence, affect the release of various cytokines and other inflammatory mediators involved in these manifestations. The recent literature relating this pathway with these diseases is highlighted, with a hope, which remains for the progression of PI3K inhibitors in the market as a treatment option.

Result: With Idelalisib entering the market for cancer, PI3K/AKT signalling has also gained significance as an investigational target for various diseases, particularly for inflammation. Based on the pharmacological, genetic, and clinical data available, PI3K/AKT signalling can be designated as an outstanding target for their treatment.

Conclusion: Further exploration of this pathway may also uncover its involvement in these disorders, which may further contribute to developing the new treatments and can turn out to be an innovative brainwave in the field of experimental and clinical pharmacology in future.

Keywords: PI3K inhibitors; Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks); immune cell signalling; immune cells; inflammation; inflammatory diseases.