Background: Blood pressure (BP) was reported to decrease significantly after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid stenting (CAS) up to the 1-year follow-up. We evaluated changes in BP for 3 years after treating hypertensive patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis by either CEA or CAS and determined predisposing factors for normotensive BP at the 3-year follow-up.
Methods: A total of 123 hypertensive patients with at least 3 years of clinical and radiographic follow-up after treatment were included in this study and placed in the CEA (n = 65) or CAS group (n = 58). BP changes for 3 years, the number of patients with a normotensive BP (≤120/80 mmHg), and the percentage decrease in BP were evaluated and compared between groups.
Results: Compared to pretreatment BP, the CEA group had significantly decreased BP at the 1- and 2-year follow-up (p < 0.05), but not the 3-year follow-up. The CAS group had significantly decreased BP at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Stenosis location (body lesions over apical lesions; OR = 1.526, 95 % CI, 1.341 to 6.224; p = 0.034) was an independent predisposing factor for normotensive BP at the 3-year follow-up.
Conclusions: For hypertensive patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, BP was lowered at 3 years after both CEA and CAS compared to pretreatment BP. CAS might lower BP better over the long term than did CEA, and hypertensive patients with stenosis at body lesions might be normotensive at 3 years after CEA or CAS.
Keywords: Blood pressure; Carotid artery stenosis; Carotid endarterectomy; Carotid stenting; Hypertension.