Bioactive peptides from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, and antioxidant activities

Abstract

The pH shift method was utilised for the recovery of proteins from salmon trimmings (ST), yielding 93% (w/w) protein. ST protein (STP) hydrolysates were generated with different enzyme preparations. STP incubated with Corolase PP for 1h (STP-C1) had the most potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities. Analysis of fractions of STP-C1 using UPLC-MS/MS identified sixteen peptides/amino acids. Tyr-Pro had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (ACE IC₅₀=5.21±0.94μM). The highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity was found with the amino acid Tyr (DPP-IV IC₅₀=75.15±0.84μM). Val-Pro had the highest ORAC activity (19.45±2.15μmol of TEg^-1). To our knowledge, the peptides Gly-Pro-Ala-Val, Val-Cys, and Phe-Phe have not been previously identified to have the activities tested in this study. These results indicate that STP hydrolysates are potential sources of bioactive peptides.

Keywords: ACE; Bioactive peptides; DPP-IV; ORAC; Protein extraction; Protein hydrolysates; Salmon trimmings; Simulated gastrointestinal digestion.