Detectability of Light Dark Matter with Superfluid Helium

Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Sep 16;117(12):121302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.121302. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

Abstract

We show that a two-excitation process in superfluid helium, combined with sensitivity to meV energy depositions, can probe dark matter down to the ∼keV warm dark matter mass limit. This mass reach is 3 orders of magnitude below what can be probed with ordinary nuclear recoils in helium at the same energy resolution. For dark matter lighter than ∼100 keV, the kinematics of the process requires the two athermal excitations to have nearly equal and opposite momentum, potentially providing a built-in coincidence mechanism for controlling backgrounds.