Dexmedetomidine acts as an oxidative damage prophylactic in rats exposed to ionizing radiation

J Clin Anesth. 2016 Nov:34:577-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.06.031. Epub 2016 Jul 18.

Abstract

Study objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative injury caused by ionizing radiation.

Design: Randomized controlled experimental study.

Setting: Department of radiation oncology and research laboratory of an academic hospital.

Interventions: Twenty-eight rats were randomized to 4 groups (n=7 per group). Group S rats were administered physiologic serum; group SR rats were administered physiologic serum and 10 Gy external ionizing radiation. Groups D100 and D200 were administered 100 and 200 μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally, respectively, 45 minutes before ionizing radiation.

Measurements: Liver, kidney, lung, and thyroid tissue and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and oxidative metabolites (advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde, and nitrate/nitrite, and serum ischemia-modified albumin) were measured 6 hours postprocedure.

Main results: In group SR, IR decreased antioxidant enzyme levels and increased oxidative metabolite levels (P<.05). In plasma, antioxidant enzyme levels were higher and oxidative metabolite levels were lower in groups D100 and D200 than in group SR (P<.01). In tissues, hepatic and lung GPX levels were higher in groups D100 and D200 than in group SR (P<.001). Renal and thyroid GPX levels were higher in D200 than in group SR (P<.01). Thyroid superoxide dismutase levels were higher in groups D100 and D200 than in group SR (P<.01). Renal, lung, and thyroid catalase levels were higher in group D200 than in group SR (P<.01). Hepatic, renal, and lung advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde levels were lower in groups D100 and D200 than in group SR (P<.01). Hepatic, renal, and lung nitrate/nitrite levels were lower in group D200 than in group SR (P<.05).

Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine preserves the antioxidant enzyme levels and reduces toxic oxidant metabolites. Therefore, it can provide protection from oxidative injury caused by ionizing radiation.

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Ionizing radiation; Oxidative damage.

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / administration & dosage
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Catalase / analysis
  • Catalase / metabolism
  • Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage
  • Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal
  • Kidney / enzymology
  • Liver / enzymology
  • Lung / enzymology
  • Male
  • Malondialdehyde / analysis
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Oxidoreductases / analysis
  • Oxidoreductases / metabolism*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Radiation Injuries, Experimental / blood
  • Radiation Injuries, Experimental / prevention & control*
  • Radiation, Ionizing
  • Random Allocation
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Serum Albumin
  • Serum Albumin, Human
  • Superoxide Dismutase / analysis
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Thyroid Gland / enzymology

Substances

  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Serum Albumin
  • ischemia-modified albumin
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Dexmedetomidine
  • Oxidoreductases
  • Catalase
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • Serum Albumin, Human