The common R653Q variant (∼20% homozygosity in Caucasians) in the synthetase domain of the folate-metabolizing enzyme MTHFD1 reduces purine synthesis. Although this variant does not appear to affect risk for colorectal cancer, we questioned whether it would affect growth of colorectal tumors. We induced tumor formation in a mouse model for MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency (Mthfd1S+/- ) using combined administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in male and female wild-type and Mthfd1S+/- mice. Tumor size was significantly smaller in MthfdS+/- mice, particularly in males. A reduction in the proliferation of MthfdS+/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines, compared with wild-type lines, was also observed. Tumor number was not influenced by genotype. The amount of inflammation observed within tumors from male Mthfd1S+/- mice was lower than that in wild-type mice. Gene expression analysis in tumor adjacent normal (pre-neoplastic) tissue identified several genes involved in proliferation (Fosb, Fos, Ptk6, Esr2, Atf3) and inflammation (Atf3, Saa1, TNF-α) that were downregulated in MthfdS+/- males. In females, MthfdS+/- genotype was not associated with these gene expression changes, or with differences in tumor inflammation. These findings suggest that the mechanisms directing tumor growth differ significantly between males and females. We suggest that restriction of purine synthesis, reduced expression of genes involved in proliferation, and/or reduced inflammation lead to slower tumor growth in MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency. These findings may have implications for CRC tumor growth and prognosis in individuals with the R653Q variant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords: AOM-DSS; MTHFD1; carcinogenesis; colorectal cancer; folate metabolism.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.