Background: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes group (KDIGO) defined acute kidney injury (AKI) as an elevation of serum creatinine (sCR) exceeding 0.3 mg/dl within 48 h. The widely used adverse events criteria for chemotherapy, Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAE v4.0), also defined AKI as sCR exceeding 0.3 mg/dl, but with no provision of a time course. Here, we attempted to clarify the impact of AKI (CTCAE v4.0) during cisplatin-based chemotherapy on clinical outcome of patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC).
Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 230 UC patients who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Results: During the first chemotherapy course, AKI (CTCAE v4.0) episodes were observed in 61 patients (26.5 %), whereas only four patients (1.5 %) experienced AKI (KDIGO) episodes. Both the pretreatment estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance by Cockcroft-Gault formula were not efficient predictors for the development of AKI (CTCAE v4.0). AKI (CTCAE v4.0) impacted renal function: at the start of second-course chemotherapy, the average eGFR of the patients with AKI (CTCAE v4.0) was 54.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, significantly lower than that of patients without AKI (CTCAE v4.0) (63.4 ml/min/1.73 m2). As a result, only 57.4 % of patients with AKI (CTCAE v4.0) received the planned treatment at the second course. The survival of the patients who developed AKI (CTCAE v4.0) was significantly worse than that of the patients who did not. The 3-year OSs were 10.3 and 21.4 %, respectively (P = 0.02).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that AKI (CTCAE v4.0) during chemotherapy had a negative impact on both the intensity of subsequent chemotherapy and oncological outcomes.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Chemotherapy; Cisplatin; Serum creatinine; Urothelial cancer.