Background: Residual retroperitoneal masses in NSGCT need postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection (PC-RPLND). Open (O) PC-RPLND is a standardized procedure, but morbidity is not negligible and mostly attributable to laparotomy. Laparoscopic (L) PC-RPLND may improve tolerability profile. We evaluated viability, toxicity, and short to medium-term oncologic outcome of L-PC-RPLND following well-defined selection criteria.
Patients and methods: Since February 2011, consecutive patients with a unilateral residual mass (≥1 cm or growing), normalized markers, and limited encasement of inferior vena cava and/or aorta were candidate to unilateral L-PC-RPLND. Surgical performances, histology, hospital stay, complications within 30 days, and survival were recorded. Patients were regularly followed up. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not provided.
Results: Sixty-seven patients (stage IIA = 14; IIB = 41; IIC = 7; III = 5), representing 29% of all those candidate to PC-RPLND in this time frame, underwent L-PC-RPLND up to August 2015. Median size of the mass was 27 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 15-31). Median operative time was 234 minutes (IQR 184-250). Three procedures were converted to open surgery. Mean hospital stay was 3 days (IQR 2-4). Out of three (4.5%), one grade III (lymphocele requiring drainage) complication occurred. Sixty-six (98.5%) patients maintained antegrade ejaculation. Histology revealed teratoma in 76%, fibronecrotic tissue in 21%, and viable cancer in 3% patients. All patients are alive and event free after a median follow-up of 21 months (IQR 10-30).
Conclusions: In a referral center, L-PC-RPLND is a transferable option for a proportion of patients with a residual mass. Tolerability is acceptable, and current oncologic outcome is consistent with a safe oncologic profile.
Keywords: germ cell and embryonal; laparoscopy; lymph node excision; neoplasms; retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection; testicular neoplasms.