Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study

J Vis Exp. 2016 Jul 27:(113):54271. doi: 10.3791/54271.

Abstract

Oligomerization is often a structural requirement for proteins to accomplish their specific cellular function. For instance, tetramerization of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) is necessary for the formation of a functional Ca(2+) release channel pore. Here, we describe detailed protocols for the assessment of protein self-association, including yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and chemical cross-linking assays. In the Y2H system, protein self-interaction is detected by β-galactosidase assay in yeast co-expressing GAL4 bait and target fusions of the test protein. Protein self-interaction is further assessed by co-IP using HA- and cMyc-tagged fusions of the test protein co-expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells. The precise stoichiometry of the protein homo-oligomer is examined by cross-linking and SDS-PAGE analysis following expression in HEK293 cells. Using these different but complementary techniques, we have consistently observed the self-association of the RyR N-terminal domain and demonstrated its intrinsic ability to form tetramers. These methods can be applied to protein-protein interaction and homo-oligomerization studies of other mammalian integral membrane proteins.

Publication types

  • Video-Audio Media

MeSH terms

  • Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Protein Multimerization*
  • Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / chemistry*
  • Two-Hybrid System Techniques
  • beta-Galactosidase

Substances

  • Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
  • beta-Galactosidase