The Normal Electrocardiogram: Resting 12-Lead and Electrocardiogram Monitoring in the Hospital

Abstract

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well-established diagnostic tool extensively used in clinical settings. Knowledge of cardiac rhythm and mastery of cardiac waveform interpretation are fundamental for intensive care nurses. Recognition of the normal findings for the 12-lead ECG and understanding the significance of changes from baseline in continuous cardiac monitoring are essential steps toward ensuring safe patient care. This article highlights historical developments in electrocardiography, describes the normal resting 12-lead ECG, and discusses the need for continuous cardiac monitoring. In addition, future directions for the ECG are explored briefly.

Keywords: 12-lead ECG; Cardiac monitoring; Cardiac rhythm; Electrocardiogram; Electrocardiography.