This overview provides an analysis of some of the immunotherapies currently in use and under investigation, with a special focus on the tumor microenvironment, which we believe is a major factor responsible for the general failure of immunotherapy to date. It is our expectation that combining immunotherapy with methods of altering the tumor microenvironment and targeting regulatory T cells and myeloid cells will yield favorable results.
Keywords: CTLA-4; PD-1; Tregs; exosomes; immunosuppression; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; tumor immunity; tumor microenvironment.