The Replication of Frataxin Gene Is Assured by Activation of Dormant Origins in the Presence of a GAA-Repeat Expansion

PLoS Genet. 2016 Jul 22;12(7):e1006201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006201. eCollection 2016 Jul.

Abstract

It is well known that DNA replication affects the stability of several trinucleotide repeats, but whether replication profiles of human loci carrying an expanded repeat differ from those of normal alleles is poorly understood in the endogenous context. We investigated this issue using cell lines from Friedreich's ataxia patients, homozygous for a GAA-repeat expansion in intron 1 of the Frataxin gene. By interphase, FISH we found that in comparison to the normal Frataxin sequence the replication of expanded alleles is slowed or delayed. According to molecular combing, origins never fired within the normal Frataxin allele. In contrast, in mutant alleles dormant origins are recruited within the gene, causing a switch of the prevalent fork direction through the expanded repeat. Furthermore, a global modification of the replication profile, involving origin choice and a differential distribution of unidirectional forks, was observed in the surrounding 850 kb region. These data provide a wide-view of the interplay of events occurring during replication of genes carrying an expanded repeat.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alleles
  • Cell Line
  • DNA Replication / genetics*
  • Frataxin
  • Friedreich Ataxia / genetics*
  • Friedreich Ataxia / pathology
  • Humans
  • Introns
  • Iron-Binding Proteins / genetics*
  • Male
  • Mutant Proteins / genetics
  • Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / genetics*
  • Trinucleotide Repeats / genetics

Substances

  • Iron-Binding Proteins
  • Mutant Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN2009, 2009MS78BE) and by the Department of Biology, University of Padova. EP was the recipient of a post-doc position from the University of Padova (CPDR095917). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.