Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease with Early Motor Complications: A UK Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

PLoS One. 2016 Jul 21;11(7):e0159340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159340. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating illness associated with considerable impairment of quality of life and substantial costs to health care systems. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical treatment option for some patients with advanced PD. The EARLYSTIM trial has recently demonstrated its clinical benefit also in patients with early motor complications. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DBS, compared to best medical therapy (BMT), among PD patients with early onset of motor complications, from a United Kingdom (UK) payer perspective.

Methods: We developed a Markov model to represent the progression of PD as rated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) over time in patients with early PD. Evidence sources were a systematic review of clinical evidence; data from the EARLYSTIM study; and a UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset including DBS patients. A mapping algorithm was developed to generate utility values based on UPDRS data for each intervention. The cost-effectiveness was expressed as the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to explore the effect of parameter uncertainty.

Results: Over a 15-year time horizon, DBS was predicted to lead to additional mean cost per patient of £26,799 compared with BMT (£73,077/patient versus £46,278/patient) and an additional mean 1.35 QALYs (6.69 QALYs versus 5.35 QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £19,887 per QALY gained with a 99% probability of DBS being cost-effective at a threshold of £30,000/QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were not significantly impacted by plausible changes in the input parameter values.

Conclusion: These results indicate that DBS is a cost-effective intervention in PD patients with early motor complications when compared with existing interventions, offering additional health benefits at acceptable incremental cost. This supports the extended use of DBS among patients with early onset of motor complications.

MeSH terms

  • Cost-Benefit Analysis*
  • Deep Brain Stimulation / economics*
  • Deep Brain Stimulation / methods*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Motor Activity*
  • Parkinson Disease / economics*
  • Parkinson Disease / physiopathology
  • Parkinson Disease / therapy*
  • Probability
  • Quality of Life
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years
  • United Kingdom

Grants and funding

Medtronic funded the development of the model, including consulting fees to physicians and health economic specialists, sponsored a medical writer and reviewed the manuscript. The funders provided input on the study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. HTA Consulting provided support in the form of salaries for authors [TF], and staff resources to support evidence review and synthesis. They did not have any additional role in the study design and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.