Comprehensive characterization of evolutionary conserved breakpoints in four New World Monkey karyotypes compared to Chlorocebus aethiops and Homo sapiens

Xiaobo Fan; Weerayuth Supiwong; Anja Weise; Kristin Mrasek; Nadezda Kosyakova; Alongkoad Tanomtong; Krit Pinthong; Vladimir A Trifonov; Marcelo de Bello Cioffi; Pierre Grothmann; Thomas Liehr; Edivaldo H C de Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00042

Comprehensive characterization of evolutionary conserved breakpoints in four New World Monkey karyotypes compared to Chlorocebus aethiops and Homo sapiens

Heliyon. 2015 Nov 24;1(3):e00042. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00042. eCollection 2015 Nov.

Affiliations

¹ Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
² Department of Biology Faculty of Science, KhonKaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand.
³ Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
⁴ Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
⁵ Serengeti-Park Hodenhagen GmbH, Am Safaripark 1, 29693, Hodenhagen, Germany.
⁶ Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Guamá, 66075-110 Belém-PA, Brazil.

Abstract

Comparative cytogenetic analysis in New World Monkeys (NWMs) using human multicolor banding (MCB) probe sets were not previously done. Here we report on an MCB based FISH-banding study complemented with selected locus-specific and heterochromatin specific probes in four NWMs and one Old World Monkey (OWM) species, i.e. in Alouatta caraya (ACA), Callithrix jacchus (CJA), Cebus apella (CAP), Saimiri sciureus (SSC), and Chlorocebus aethiops (CAE), respectively. 107 individual evolutionary conserved breakpoints (ECBs) among those species were identified and compared with those of other species in previous reports. Especially for chromosomal regions being syntenic to human chromosomes 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 16 previously cryptic rearrangements could be observed. 50.4% (54/107) NWM-ECBs were colocalized with those of OWMs, 62.6% (62/99) NWM-ECBs were related with those of Hylobates lar (HLA) and 66.3% (71/107) NWM-ECBs corresponded with those known from other mammalians. Furthermore, human fragile sites were aligned with the ECBs found in the five studied species and interestingly 66.3% ECBs colocalized with those fragile sites (FS). Overall, this study presents detailed chromosomal maps of one OWM and four NWM species. This data will be helpful to further investigation on chromosome evolution in NWM and hominoids in general and is prerequisite for correct interpretation of future sequencing based genomic studies in those species.

Keywords: ACA, Alouatta caraya; Atelidae; BACs, bacterial artificial chromosomes; CAE, Chlorocebus aethiops; CAP, Cebus apella; CJA, Callithrix jacchus; Cebidae; EC, evolutionary conserved; ECBs, evolutionary conserved breakpoints; Evolutionary conserved breakpoints; Evolutionary genetics; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; FS, fragile site; Fragile sites; Genetics; HCM, heterochromatin mix; HLA, Hylobates lar; HSA, Homo sapiens; HSBs, homologous syntenic blocks; MCB, multicolor banding; Multicolor banding; NGS, Next-generation sequencing; NOR, nucleolus organizer region; NWMs, New World Monkeys; New World Monkeys; OWMs, Old World Monkeys; Old World Monkeys; SSC, Saimiri sciureus; subCTM, sub-centromere/subtelomere-specific multicolor (FISH); wcp, whole human chromosome painting.